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Austin, located on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, is the largest (by population) of the city's 77 officially defined community areas, followed by Lake View. Its eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District/West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. Other suburbs bordering Austin are Cicero and Oak Park. Also nearby is Berwyn. Austin is also one of Chicago's largest community areas by land area. Several distinctive areas within Austin include Midway Park, a historic district of restored 19th-century single-family homes in the core of the original Austin subdivision; Galewood, the northernmost section of Austin along the northern border with Oak Park but south of the Galewood railyards; and The Island, Chicago a square mile in the extreme southwest corner of Austin, which is bordered by Cicero to the south and Oak Park to the west and which is isolated from other residential area in the city by the Eisenhower Expressway and Columbus Park to the north and an industrial area to the east. ==History== Henry W. Austin, a businessman and real estate speculator, created the Austin subdivision,located at (41.9, -87.76), in 1865. Austin included wide, tree-lined streets and a park originally named Holden Park. Originally Austin was within the Township of Cicero. Cicero decided to place its seat of government in Austin, and in 1870 a town hall opened in Austin. In 1898 Austinites had a majority of Cicero's town council and used the political influence to approve an extension of the Lake Street elevated line into the community. People from other parts of Cicero Township, including Berwyn and Oak Park, resented the influence and the dominance of Austinites and began an election to have Austin annexed into Chicago. In 1899 the annexation succeeded; Austinites opposed the annexation. Austin was a predominantly white neighborhood until the late 1960s (99.83% white in the 1960 census). It faced numerous infrastructure problems before the arrival of black residents. White residents of Austin in the early 1960s were against leaving their neighborhood for the suburbs, but a combination of events occurred in the years afterward changed that. City of Chicago officials were not responsive to the neighborhood's demands for improving neighborhood infrastructure. Residents felt the need to move elsewhere because of disinvestment, mortgage reclining, and blockbusting throughout the neighborhoods of Austin.〔Seligman, Amanda (2005). Block by block : neighborhoods and public policy on Chicago's West Side. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-74663-0.〕 The suburbs gradually became better supported through an increased transportation system between Chicago and its suburbs, and many jobs left the city for the suburbs and overseas locations. Significant riots began to occur on Chicago's West Side starting in 1965, and an especially damaging riot in 1968 (after Martin Luther King's death) prompted many white residents to leave. The West Side experienced a further declining infrastructure and lack of local jobs after this. Not all emigrating residents moved into suburbs, and many moved into other areas of the city, especially the Northwest and Southwest sides. Not all emigrating residents were white: some black families, especially after the riots, began to leave the area, as it declined, to better perceived locations elsewhere. By 1970, southern Austin (south of Lake St) was mostly black, and the neighborhood overall was 66% white and 33% black. Nearby neighborhoods such as East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park, and North Lawndale, were experiencing white flight before Austin did. Decay and a declining population in these neighborhoods led to an influx of black residents in Austin.By 1980, North Lawndale was 96.50% black and, West Garfield Park was 98.85% black, East Garfield Park was 99.00% black, and Austin was 20.76% white and 73.78% black. The population of these neighborhoods seriously declined in the 1970s (approximately 30-40% decline), except Austin, which increased from 128,000 residents in 1970 to 138,000 in 1980. The neighborhood is part of Chicago's West Side which consists of Austin, West Garfield Park, East Garfield Park, North Lawndale and Near West Side. The area has a population of about 250,000 and is over 87% black.〔(American FactFinder ). Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.〕 On December 1, 1958, the Our Lady of the Angels School fire killed children and nuns at the Our Lady of the Angels School, located in the Humboldt Park community.〔(Our Lady of the Angels School Fire - Period News Articles From around December 1, 1958 ). Olafire.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.〕 Because of the parish's proximity to Austin, many OLA students temporarily attended Austin schools , such as John Hay School. On June 6, 2013 a lesbian couple was beaten by around 10 men on North Leclaire Ave in Austin. Chicago Police Department officials labeled the attack a hate crime, and one man received criminal charges.〔Sege, Adam and Rex W. Huppke. "(Hate crime draws attention to violence against lesbians, gays )." ''Chicago Tribune''. July 12, 2013. Retrieved on July 12, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Austin, Chicago」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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